Page 57 - Final Report Improving information and developing a repository of sustainable soil management practices in Asia

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each. The reason was for grafting every other plants. One seedling was sold for 0.74 USD.

Beginning in March, add 1 sack of manure per plant (manure obtained from cow dung on the
farm). After 8 months, apply bio-extract to nourish the tree after reproductive stage. During this

period, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a major pest Manila Tamarind, will attack and destroy the
pods. This caused the bent pods and lowered the price of the products. Applying fumigation and

insect traps by burning straws to produce smoke to disturb them. When they fly up above, they
will be eaten by birds. After 2 weeks, the sheath bark will be thickened and safe from pests. In the

first year, products from Manila Tamarind weighed 1,500 kilograms total, and the average selling

price was 2.35 USD per kilogram. It gave farmers an annual income of 3,529.41 USD. In the
second year, after the harvesting period, pruning will be done by grafting the branches and cutting

them for propagation. It takes about a month for grafting to form strong roots within the rootstock.

Rootstock could be sold at 1.76 USD each, but if applied in a pot for 15 days, the price will be sold
at 1.03 USD per pot. Presently, main income comes from the sale of Manila Tamarind propagation.

Once, he sold 50,000 pots at a cost of 0.15 USD per pot. This brought his income from only selling
Manila Tamarind seedlings up to 51,470.59 USD in that year.

2. Tilapia farming in Manila tamarind orchards. In brackish waters, tilapia can live.
Phytoplankton and moths, which were created by manure and hay placed in the garden grooves,

fed the fish in the ponds. They come from the farm's cow waste. The Nakhon Ratchasima

Provincial Fisheries Office sold 0.03 USD per baby tilapia, and 15,000 transgender tilapia were
released. Before they can sell, they need 5 months. The selling price per kilogram was 1.77 USD.

After costs were deducted, the total profit per fish was 0.59 USD. Due to a lack of water, tilapia
fish farming can only be done once a year, despite the fact that the income from fish farming is

8,823.53 USD per year. The fish had a lower disease-causing potential. In comparison to saline

water, germs and parasites were reduced. This resulted in high-quality fish in terms of texture,
flavor, and odor, which is why they fulfill market demand.

3. Cattle farm. There are two mother cows being raised on the farm. They are used for
breeding and producing calves for sale. The price for a male calf is 735.29 USD

and for a female calf is 1,471-2,941 USD. One cow produces 200 sacks of manure every

6 months. Therefore, two cows will produce 800 sacks of manure in a year, which is enough to
use in the area of Manila Tamarind and fish farming in the orchards. Moreover, the excess amount

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